Pure thorium is very ductile and, as normal for metals, can be cold-rolled, swaged, and drawn. In the periodic table, it lies to the right of actinium, to the left of protactinium, and below cerium. Thorium is a moderately soft, paramagnetic, bright silvery radioactive actinide metal. Ocean science has utilised 231 Pa/ 230Th isotope ratios to understand the ancient ocean. Other uses for thorium include heat-resistant ceramics, aircraft engines, and in light bulbs. Thorium is also used in strengthening magnesium, coating tungsten wire in electrical equipment, controlling the grain size of tungsten in electric lamps, high-temperature crucibles, and glasses including camera and scientific instrument lenses. It has been suggested as a replacement for uranium as nuclear fuel in nuclear reactors, and several thorium reactors have been built. It was also material in high-end optics and scientific instrumentation, used in some broadcast vacuum tubes, and as the light source in gas mantles, but these uses have become marginal. Thorium is still being used as an alloying element in TIG welding electrodes but is slowly being replaced in the field with different compositions. In the second half of the century, thorium was replaced in many uses due to concerns about its radioactivity. Thorium's radioactivity was widely acknowledged during the first decades of the 20th century. Its first applications were developed in the late 19th century. ![]() Thorium was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian amateur mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder. Thorium is estimated to be over three times as abundant as uranium in the Earth's crust, and is chiefly refined from monazite sands as a by-product of extracting rare-earth metals. On Earth, thorium and uranium are the only significantly radioactive elements that still occur naturally in large quantities as primordial elements. The most stable isotope, 232Th, has a half-life of 14.05 billion years, or about the age of the universe it decays very slowly via alpha decay, starting a decay chain named the thorium series that ends at stable 208 Pb. ![]() Thorium is an electropositive actinide whose chemistry is dominated by the +4 oxidation state it is quite reactive and can ignite in air when finely divided.Īll known thorium isotopes are unstable. Thorium is silvery and tarnishes black when it is exposed to air, forming thorium dioxide it is moderately soft and malleable and has a high melting point. bluemagic123, jopojelly, Eldrazi, and Gorateron for some groundwork coding help.Thorium is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90.Milt69466 for allowing the use of their Pot Mimic suggestion.SzGamer227 for allowing the use of his Hardmode Throwable suggestion.Shiki Sakura and Fargowilta for a variety of suggestions and ideas.Endling for allowing the use of his Pumpkin Lich design.MetoolDaddy for heavy inspiration on Queen Jellyfish boss.SnugBoat, PhoenixBlade, Illuminati, zoroarkcity, Kalialioopsalot, and Ignus for a variety of sprites and ideas.Scophax for immensely helpful feedback on the Healer class.Sapharan for the basis of the Soul Forge and the Warg sprites.Eli10293 for the sprites on the Healer auras and the Granite Energy Storm boss.Sergo for the Ninja Rack and the original Fallen Paladin's armor sprites.Vladimier for the original Dark Nexus vanity sprite.Newominus for the fanart used in this wiki's background.Donmor for the logo used in this wiki's header.Yoraiz0r for the generation code for the Aquatic Depths.Smxfoxtrot for the Grand Thunder Bird, Borean Strider, and Primordials boss themes. ![]() Darklight, direwolf420, Zero-Exodus, and Grox The Great for some advanced coding assistance.Exodus Starlit and Durrani19 for many sprites and ideas in the early days of the mod's development.BrutalLama, Barometz, and BluNinja for many sprites, sprite ideas, and suggestions.Uncle Danny, Darklight, Hayaku, EveryoneWasDragged, Barometz, Krispion, and Catchy for creation, completion, and maintenance of this magnificent wiki.AdipemDragon for an incredible amount of sprite work, such as boss visual overhauls, a large amount of donator items, the entirety of the sprites for the Bard class, and much more.
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